Formalin (Formaldehyde)
Formaldehyde; Methyl Aldehyd; Methanal; E240
Key applications
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Chemical and Physical Properties of Formalin
Formalin , also known as an aqueous solution of formaldehyde (methanal, E240), is a clear liquid with a sharp, pungent odor. Its main component is formaldehyde – the simplest aldehyde. Formalin is produced through the oxidation of methanol in the presence of catalysts at high temperatures. To prevent polymerization of formaldehyde, a small amount of methanol is added to the solution.
Key Characteristics of Formalin
- Physical form: colorless liquid
- Odor: strong and pungent
- Stabilization: stabilized with methanol to prevent polymerization.
- Biocidal properties: highly effective in eliminating bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores.
Applications of Formaldehyde in Resin and Glue Manufacturing
Formaldehyde is a key raw material used in the production of formaldehyde-based resins with a wide range of applications, including the manufacturing of:
- Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins: Used in the production of particle boards, MDF, and plywood. They are known for their good strength and cost-effectiveness.
- Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins: Resistant to moisture and high temperatures, commonly used in laminated products and insulation materials.
- Melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resins: Used in the production of kitchen countertops, laminates, and scratch- and chemical-resistant finishes.
Formaldehyde in the Textile Industry
Formalin is commonly used in textile processing to improve fabric performance and durability.
- Improved wrinkle resistance: Formalin forms durable chemical bonds that help fabrics retain their shape.
- Dye fixation: Formaldehyde enhances dye fixation, helping preserve vibrant colors and increasing resistance to washing and wear.
- Water- and stain-resistant finishes: Formalin enables the production of fabrics that are easy to clean.
- Technical textile production: Formalin imparts flame resistance, chemical resistance, and enhances tensile strength and abrasion durability.
Use of Formalin in the Production of Rubber Products
- Polymer modification: Formalin enhances the strength, flexibility, and abrasion resistance of rubber.
- Technical products: Methanal plays a role in manufacturing durable rubber products such as gaskets, tires, hoses, and other components used in demanding industrial applications.
- Insulating rubber: Formaldehyde is applied in the electrical industry to produce insulating rubber for cables, wires, and other electrical components.
Methanal in the Chemical and Pharmaceutical Industries
- Chemical production: Formalin is used in the synthesis of formic acid, hexamine, pentaerythritol, and trimethylolpropane – compounds commonly used in the manufacture of coatings, lubricants, and paints.
- Pharmaceutical industry: Formalin is used as a preservative in vaccines and as a component in the production of anticancer drugs and antibiotics.
Formalin in the Production of Dyes and Cosmetics
- Dye and pigment production: Formalin plays a role in the synthesis of dyes and pigments that give color to textiles, plastics, inks, and other materials.
- Cosmetics: Formalin is used as a preservative that extends the shelf life of products by stabilising their chemical composition and preventing spoilage of formulations.
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